Indians #3 Mohawk and Seneca tribes

Gepost op door JurjenB in Internetblog

This group I have designated as from the Mohawk tribe, or in their own language, Kanien’kehá:ka (People of the Flint”). The Easternmost of the Iroquois (Haudenosaunee)  tribes, they were traditionally referred to as “Keepers of the Eastern Door” of the Confederacy. 
 The Iroquois tried to remain neutral during the Revolutionary War, but the war ultimately wound up splitting the Confederacy as much as it di the Europeans; The Oneida and Tuscarora supported the Americans, and the other four tribes the British. 
A key figure of the Mohawks during this time, was Joseph Brant. whose Indian name was Thayendanegea. He formed a good relationship with the British, and especially Sir William Johnson, who was the British superintendent of the Indians of North America. In 1759, Johnson married Brant’s sister, Molly. Johnson selected Brant and several other Mohawks to attend Moor’s Charity School for Indians, a school which would later develop into Dartmouth College. At school, Brant converted to the Anglican faith and learned to read and write English. While Brant’s education at Moor’s gave him the skills which made him prosperous, most students at Moor’s were not nearly as successful as Brant. The school’s administrators and employees used their power to force students who were not of top caliber into exploitive manual labor.

After receiving his education, Brant accompanied Johnson during the French and Indian War. After the war concluded, Brant stayed with his brother in law and assisted in running the British “Indian Department.” During this time, he traveled throughout the Iroquois land, mainly as a missionary. Throughout his travels, Brant learned to speak at least three languages of the different Iroquois tribes and likely spoke all six tribal languages. These early missionary years established Brant as a trusted and respected leader of both natives and settlers.
This second group I have designated as being from the Seneca tribe (Onondowagah in their language, “Great Hill People”). They were the Westernmost of the Iroquois tribes, the “Keepers of the Western Door”, and the largest of the Six Nations. 
Returning to the story of Joseph Brant, in 1775 he Six Nations met to discuss their role in the burgeoning War for independence. While many advocated for neutrality, almost prophetically, Brant predicted that independence for the colonists meant that the natives across the North American continent would lose their land. Brant’s argument, along with Johnson’s influence, succeeded in convincing four of the six nations to fight for the British cause, the Mohawks, Onondagas, Cayugas, and the Senecas.
In November 1775, Brant traveled to England to discuss native roles in the War along with land disputes. Brant returned to America in July of 1776 and participated in the British campaign to retake New York.  It is likely he served with General Hugh Percy during the British push through Jamaica Pass, which was a key phase of the Battle of Long Island.  Brant and Percy quickly formed a lifelong friendship. Percy would be the only white man which Brant would remain close with after the war. Following the New York campaign, Brant returned to the Six Nations, and rallied the tribes for war against the American colonists.
Throughout 1777 and 1778, Brant’s forces were exclusively involved in the Mohawk Valley. Brant’s army participated at the Battle of Oriskany, in attacks on Cobleskill, and in raids on German Flatts. While Brant’s forces were on a raid, continental troops attacked Brant’s Onoquaga base. The continentals razed the city, leaving buildings burned, cattle dead, and crops reaped. Brant, as a response, led the attack which became known as the Cherry Valley Massacre. During the attack, Seneca forces sought out innocents killing at least thirty civilians. This action gave Brant a reputation for brutality and the nickname “Monster Brant;” however, Brant, although active in the valley, was not present at the Cherry Valley Massacre, primary sources from British leaders and Brant showing that he instead attempted to contain the Seneca’s’ violence.
  By 1779, the British  granted him the rank of “Captain of the Northern Confederated Indians” and promised provisions for his men but no pay for the native troops. Because of his new salary and wartimes despoiling, Brant became moderately wealthy. This wealth caused jealousy among rival chiefs and even his unpaid volunteers. When a commission to make Brant a colonel came, British colonial officers did not tell Brant in order to preserve his negotiating power with other tribes. In late 1779, the Sullivan Campaign devastated Mohawk lands, forcing Brant and the Iroquois out of New York and pushing them back to Fort Niagara.
In 1781, Brant was sent west to the Ohio Country. During this campaign, Brant was seriously injured in the leg and was forced to recover at Fort Detroit. During this time he tried to keep western tribes loyal to the British, even after the catastrophic defeat of the British at Yorktown. 

The 1783 Treaty of Paris did not acknowledge the Six Tribes or any indigenous groups independence. The British had failed to accomplish the promise which prompted many native tribes to join their cause, the protection of indigenous land. Brant would spend the rest of his life fighting for the land rights of his people and other disaffected indigenous tribes in America. His first attempt at protecting the land was forming the Western Confederacy, a group of thirty native nations which agreed to fight for the Fort Stanwix Treaty line. Brant sought British support in 1785, and while the British compensated Mohawk losses in the war and gave Brant a pension, they refused to join in support of the thirty tribes. Brant and Washington both made attempts at peace. Brant sought a peace treaty but failed. Washington tried to create a reservation for the Mohawks and give Brant a large pension, but Brant refused. The American forces overwhelmed the Western Confederacy resulting in the thirty tribes’ alliance disintegrating.

Battle of Marston Moor, July 2, 1644

Gepost op door JurjenB in Internetblog

 The Battle of Marstomn Moor, fought on July 2, 1644, is said to have been the largest battle fought on British soil. It involved 5 separate forces – the armies of Prince Rupert of the Rhine and the Marquis of Newcastle for the Royalists, and the Scots Army of the Covenant, the Eastern Association army of the Earl of Manchester, and the Northern Association army of Fernando Fairfax. 

Map of the deployments for the battle of Marston Moor.

We did a playtest of this battle the beginning of April. This is a map of the table for the game, which used Simon miller and Andrew Brentnal’s “For King and Parliament” rules. I will be running this game twice at Historicon in July. 

Terrain set up on my 5 x 12 table (the table at Historicon will be 6 x 12, because that’s the only option they allow fo 12 foot tables. It will just add another 6″ to the long sides. In order to fit this battle on a table this size, I used 6″ boxes instead of 8″. View from the Parliamentary/Scots side, with the village of Tockwirth to the left.

View from the Royalist left, with the village of Long Marston.

I used this deployment scheme, more or less, for the battle. Scots make up the majority of the Infantry, but only a small minority of the Cavalry. Overall, a great excuse to use almost all of my Scots Covenanter army on the table!

Eagle’s eye view of the Table with the troops placed. 

View from Tockwirth.

View from Long Marston. 

Royalist  far left.

Royalist left.

Royalist left center.

Royalist center.

Royalist right center.

Royalist near right.

Royalist far right.

Parliamentary far left.

Parliamentary near left.

Parliamentary left center.

Parliamentary/Scots center.

Scots center

Scots right center

Parliamentary neart right.

Parliamentary far right.

Mike and Jared took the forces of the King, whilst I had the Parliamentary left, Kyle the center, and Thomas the right.

Near Tockwirth, both side advanced, with early cavalry charges. 

The Parliamentary and Scots infantry press the attack upon the Royalist center. This protected by a hedgerow and a deep drainage ditch, which is impassable for Cavalry. I’m just working on some terrain for the drainage ditches now. 

Tough fighting all along the line. The Royalist center is initially held by a line of Forlorn Hopes, but as the enemy battaglia close on the position, the less numerous Royalist foot replace them in the line. 

On the left, Mike’s Royalist cavalry and my Roundheads each gave about as good as they got.

Nort surprisingly, the Royalist center is proving a tough nut to crack. Rupert decides to send his small reserve of elite cavalry to aid his right. On the left, the Royalist cavalry has the edge. 

Fighting near Long Marston. 

Royalist Cavalry reserves arriving on their right. Uh – oh!

Royalist cavalry threatening the Parliamentary Left center!

View towards Long Marston. 

Royalist cavlry having a gay romp!

Back to the serious work in the center – a gap has appeared in the Royalist line!

Scots infantry is battered.  We called the game after about 3.5 hours; the Parliamentarians were nearly out of Victory medals. Prince Rupert has saved the North of the realm for the King’s cause!
Speaking of Realms, six of us gathered for a playtest game: “Challenge to Power”. Each player is a Lord in Feudal France, and one lucky (?) player also starts as the king. Clockwise: Jared, Ralph, King James, Mike, Brian. The empty seat belongs to the photographer (me). Ralph started as the King, but was unseated by a vote of the Estates General in the first round. The crown passed to James, who held it for the remainder of the game. Victory went to Mike, who slowly built economic and military power to edge out the King in scoring. Fun game!

Order of Battle (unit names are as per my collection, not the historical troops present). 

Battle of Marston Moor, July 2, 1644


Royalist Army

Ammo

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VP

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Notes

Prince Rupert of the Rhine, General, Gallant

9

2+

6 pts

Gentlemen Pensioners – Swedish Horse, veteran, Small Unit

1

3

1

1

2

6+

4 pts

Prince Rupert’s Regt – Swedish Horse, veteran

1

3

2

2

2

6+

8 pts

Command 18 pts, 12 VP                                                                     ARMY: 292  pts,  102 VP; Defeat at  41 VP     

Lord Lucas’s Brigade- Far Left Horse

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Lt General Lord Charles Lucas – general, gallant*

2

2+

Gallant 

6 pts

Lord Lucas I – Swedish Horse, seasoned  (buffcoats)

1

3

2

2

2

7+

6 pts

Lord Lucas II – Swedish Horse, seasoned  (buffcoats)

1

3

2

2

2

7+

6 pts

Lord Lucas III – Swedish Horse, seasoned  (buffcoats)

1

3

2

2

2

7+

6 pts

Colonel Woolaston’s Dragoons #1, seasoned, poorly mounted

2

2

2

2

1

7+

No close fire  4 pts

Command  28 pts, 10 VP


Goring’s Brigade Left Horse

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Lt General Lord Goring – general, gallant*

1

2+

Gallant

6 pts

Marmaduke Rawdon’s Regt – Swedish Horse, seasoned (redcoats)

1

3

2

2

2

7+

6 pts

Lord Capel’s Regt.I – Swedish Horse, veteran  (bluecoats)

1

3

2

2

2

6+

8 pts

Lord Capel’s Regt.II – Swedish Horse, veteran  (bluecoats)

1

3

2

2

2

6+

8 pts

Lord Capel’s Regt.III – Swedish Horse, veteran  (bluecoats)

1

3

2

2

2

6+

8 pts

  Command 36 pts,  9 VP


Henry Tillier’s Brigade – Left Foote

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Sgt-Major General Sir Henry Tillier- general

2

2+

5 pts

John Talbot’s Regt – std Foote battalia, raw (yellowcoats)

2

3

3

2

8+

6 pts

Duke of York’s Regt – std Foote battalia, raw  (redcoats)

2

3

3

2

8+

6 pts

Sir Edward Fitton’s Regiment of Foote – std Foote battalia, seasoned (Bluecoats) 

3

3

3

2

7+

9 pts

Henry Bard’s Regiment of Foote -standard Foote battalia, seasoned (Greycoats)

3

3

3

2

7+

9 pts

Forlorn Hope #1, seasoned

2

1

1

1

7+

3 pts

Forlorn Hope #2, seasoned

2

1

1

1

7+

3 pts

Forlorn Hope #3, seasoned

2

1

1

1

7+

3 pts

Command    44 pts,  17 VP

Lord Eythin’s Brigade – Center Foote

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Colonel Lord Eythin – Colonel, gallant*

1

2+

Gallant 

5 pts

King’s Lifeguard I – std Foote battalia, veteran  (redcoats, Lion)

4

3

3

2

6+

12 pts

Sir Thomas Blackwell’s Regt – std Foote battalia, seasoned  (blackcoats)

3

3

3

2

7+

9 pts

Sir Thomas Gerard’s Regt – std Foote battalia, seasoned (bluecoats)

3

3

3

2

7+

9 pts

Devonshire Regt – std Foote battalia, raw  (yellowcoats, halberds)

2

3

3

2

8+

6 pts

Forlorn Hope #4, seasoned

2

1

1

1

7+

3 pts

Forlorn Hope #5, seasoned

2

1

1

1

7+

3 pts

Field Artillery, Seasoned

6

1

1

1

7=

3 pts

Siege Artillery, Seasoned

6

1

1

1

7=

6 pts

Command  56 pts,  17  pts


Sir Francis Mackworth’s Brigade – Right Foote

(Newcastle troops)

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Colonel Sir Francis Mackworth – Colonel, gallant*

1

2+

Gallant

5 pts

King’s Lifeguard II – std Foote battalia, veteran  (redcoats)

4

3

3

2

6+

12 pts

Earl of Norwich’s Regt – std Foote battalia, seasoned  (whitecoats)

3

3

3

2

7+

9 pts

Sir Henry Tillier’s Regt – std Foote battalia, seasoned   (greencoats)

3

3

3

2

7+

9 pts

Forlorn Hope #6, seasoned

2

1

1

1

7+

3 pts

Forlorn Hope #7, seasoned

2

1

1

1

7+

3 pts

Forlorn Hope #8, seasoned

2

1

1

1

7+

3 pts

Command   44 pts,  13 VP

Sir Edward Widdrington – Reserve Horse, Center

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Sir Edward Widdington, – Colonel

1

2+

4 pts

Lord John Byron’s Regt – Swedish Horse, seasoned (bluecoats)

1

3

2

2

2

7+

6 pts

Earl of Northampton’s Regt – Swedish Horse, seasoned (greencoats)

1

3

2

2

2

7+

6 pts

Marquis of Winchester’s Regt – Swedish Horse, seasoned (redcoats)

1

3

2

2

2

7+

6 pts

Command  22 pts,  7 VP

Lord Byron’s Brigade Right Horse

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Lord Byron – General, Gallant

2

2+

Gallant 6 pts

Lord John Byron’s Regt – Swedish Horse, seasoned (bluecoats)

1

3

2

2

2

7+

6 pts

Earl of Northampton’s Regt – Swedish Horse, seasoned (greencoats)

1

3

2

2

2

7+

6 pts

Josh Archer’s Regt – Swedish Horse, seasoned (bluecoats, Minifigs)

1

3

2

2

2

7+

6 pts

Command  24 pts, 8 VP

Molyneux’s Brigade – Far Right Horse

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Molyneux, Colonel

1

2+

4 pts

Colonel Woolaston’s Dragoons #2, seasoned, poorly mounted

2

2

2

2

1

7+

4 pts

Marmaduke Rawdon’s Horse #1- Swedish Horse, raw (redcoats)

1

3

2

2

2

8+

4 pts

Marmaduke Rawdon’s Horse #1- Swedish Horse, raw (redcoats)

1

3

2

2

2

8+

4 pts

Marmaduke Rawdon’s Horse #1- Swedish Horse, raw (redcoats)

1

3

2

2

2

8+

4 pts

Command   20 pts, 9 VP


The Battle of Marston Moor, July 2, 1644


Parliamentary Field Army 

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General Alexander Leslie, Eartl of Leven- commanding general, gallant*

11

2+

Gallant 6 pts

Command   6 pts, 11 VP                                                                    ARMY: 303  pts,  110 VP; Defeat at  44 VP


Leven’s Brigade (Far Left Horse)

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David Leslie, Colonel, gallant

1

2+

5 pts

William Tirrell’s Regt 1 – Swedish Horse, seasoned  (whitecoats)

1

3

2

2

2

7+

6 pts

William Tirrell’s Regt 2 – Swedish Horse, seasoned  (whitecoats)

1

3

2

2

2

7+

6 pts

William Tirrell’s Regt 3 – Swedish Horse, seasoned  (whitecoats)

1

3

2

2

2

7+

6 pts

Major Goodenough’s – commanded shot, seasoned  (bluecoats)

3

2

2

2

7+

6 pts

Command:  29 pts,  9 VP


Cromwell’s Brigade (Near Left Horse)

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Oliver Cromwell, General, Charismatic:

  +1 to save for any unit he accompanies

2

2+

+1 Save

6 pts

Alexander Pophams Regt #1 – Swedish Horse, veteran  (yellowcoats)

1

3

2

2

2

6+

8 pts

Alexander Pophams Regt #2 – Swedish Horse, veteran  (yellowcoats)

1

3

2

2

2

6+

8 pts

Alexander Pophams Regt #3 – Swedish Horse, veteran  (yellowcoats)

1

3

2

2

2

6+

8 pts

Command  30 pts,.  8 VP


Fraser’s Brigade (2nd Line, Left)

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Colonel Fraser, Colonel, gallant

1

2+

5 pts

Scots Horse #1, Swedish, poorly mounted

1

2

2

2

2

7+

5 pts

Scots Horse #2, Swedish, poorly mounted

1

2

2

2

2

7+

5 pts

Sr John Oakley’s Dragoons, poorly mounted

2

2

2

2

1

7+

4 pts

Command  19 pts,  7 VP


Manchester’s Brigade Far Left Foote

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Earl of Manchester – Colonel

1

2+

4 pts

Hampden’s Trained Bands Regt – std Foote battalia, seasoned  (redcoats) 

3

3

3

2

7+

9 pts

Lord Brooke’s Regt – std Foote battalia, seasoned  (purplecoats)

3

3

3

2

7+

9 pts

Sir Thomas Grantham’s Regt – std Foote battalia, seasoned  (browncoats)

3

3

3

2

7+

9 pts

Earl of Essex’s Regt – std Foote battalia, seasoned  (orangecoats)

3

3

3

2

7+

9 pts

Command  40 pts  13 VP


Lumden’s Brigade – Left Center Foote

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Colonel John Hampden – colonel, gallant*

1

2+

Gallant 5 pts

General Christopher Potley’s Regt – std Foote battalia, seasoned  (yellowcoats)

3

3

3

2

7+

9 pts

Thomas Ballard’s Regt – std Foote Battalia,   (greycoats)

3

3

3

2

7+

9 pts

Lord Saye and Selle’s Regt – std Foote Battalia,   (greycoats)

3

3

3

2

7+

9 pts

Medium guns, seasoned

6

1

1

1

7+

4 pts

Command  36 pts, 11 VP

Baille’s Brigade – Right Center Foote

Scots – not Blue flags

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General William Baille- General, gallant*

2

2+

Gallant 5 pts

John Lindsay’s Regt – std Foote battalia,  raw

2

3

3

2

8+

6 pts

Marquess Argyll’s Regt – std Foote battalia, raw

2

3

3

2

8+

6 pts

Christopher Grey’s Regt – std Foote battalia, raw

2

3

3

2

8+

6 pts

Ohn Forbes of Leslie’ Regt  – std Foote battalia, raw

2

3

3

2

8+

6 pts

Field Guns

6

1

1

1

7+

4 pts

Siege guns, seasoned

6

1

1

1

7+

6 pts

Command  39 pts,  16 VP


Crawford’s Brigade – Right Foote

Scots – all blue flags

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Colonel John Carwford- colonel, gallant*

1

2+

Gallant 5 pts

Alexander Leslie’s’s Regt – std Foote battalia, seasoned  

3

3

3

2

7+

9 pts

Earl of Sutherland’s Regt – std Foote battalia, seasoned  

3

3

3

2

7+

9 pts

Sir John Haldane’s Regt – std Foote battalia, seasoned  

3

3

3

2

7+

9 pts

General Hollburn’s Regt – std Foote battalia, seasoned  

3

3

3

2

7+

9 pts

Command  41 pts,  13 VP


Sir Thomas Fairfax’s Brigade – Near Right Horse

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Sir Thomas Fairfax – General

2

2+

5 pts

Colonel Cromwell’s Regt – Swedish Horse, seasoned (redcoats)

1

3

2

2

2

7+

6 pts

John Hampden’s Regt – Swedish Horse, seasoned  (greencoats) 

1

3

2

2

2

7+

6 pts

Sir William Constable’s Regt – Swedish Horse, seasoned  (bluecoats) 

2

2

2

2

1

7+

6 pts

Command  23 pts,  8 VP

Lambert’s Brigade- Far Right Horse

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Colonel Lambert- Colonel

1

2+

4 pts

Earl of Denbigh’s Horse #1 – Swedish Horse, seasoned  (greycoats)

1

3

2

2

2

7+

6 pts

Earl of Denbigh’s Horse #2 – Swedish Horse, seasoned  (greycoats)

1

3

2

2

2

7+

6 pts

Earl of Denbigh’s Horse #2 – Swedish Horse, seasoned  (greycoats)

1

3

2

2

2

7+

6 pts

Command  22 pts,  7 VP

Earl of Eglinton’s Scots Brigade

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Earl of Eglinton- Colonel

1

2+

4 pts

Scots Lancers #1, poorly mounted

1

2

2

2

2

7+

Lance

5 pts

Scots Lancers #2, poorly mounted

1

2

2

2

2

7+

Lance

5 pts

Scots Dragoons I – seasoned, poorly mounted

2

2

2

2

1

7+

4 pts

Command  18 pts,  7 VP


Hessian Fusilier Regiment Erbprinz – American Revolutionary War

Gepost op door JurjenB in Internetblog

 

Just as the Hessians of the time of the American Revolutionary War army copied many features of Prussian uniforms of the time, they raised regiments of Fusiliers as well as Musketeers. There was even less difference between these units and their Musketeer brethren than in the Prussian Army (where they were chiefly new units raised from recently captured territories, such as Silesia). These men were felt to be less robust than the Brandenburg and Pomeranians that made up the units of the old army, and thus were more lightly equipped. To make up for their smaller stature, Frederick gave them headgear based on a cut down version of the Prussian Grenadier miter. After the Revolutionary era, Prussian Fusiliers would begin evolving into actual light infantry …sans the miters. 

The origins of  Fusilier Regiment Erbprinz date back to 1680; interestingly, in 1780 it was converted to a Musketeer regiment, and was renamed Prince Freidrich in 1783. 

Th pink I used is probably a more bold hue than used at the time, although contemporary illustrations do show a more intense hue than than rather pale version seen in armies of the Napoleonic era. 

In any event, there’s no doubt about the impressive appearance of even the Fusiler miters!

Evidently captured miters were highly prized by patriot soldiers! These are Perry figures, with the flag being from Flags of War.
The Erbprinz regiment was among the first Hessian contingent to arrive in North America, at New York in August of 1776. and fought at the Battles of Long Island and White Plains later that year. Other major actions were Fort Washington and Yorktown. 

1st Quarter 2026 Statistics

Gepost op door JurjenB in Internetblog

“The Hessians are coming!”

Expenses:


January 2025
Nil

February 2026
Renedra (AWI buildings and fences)  $179.78, Brigade Games $193.81 (additional AWI figures and related items), Flags of War $45.50 (more AWI flags)    Total $419.09

March 2026
Scenic Express (Trees and other items for AWI games, etc) $79.03 Litko  (bases and hobby supplies) $143.28, Home Depot (shelf unit, spray primer/paint) $92.23 HAVOC registration $22.77, HAVOC Hotel $155.26  HAVOC meals and gas $40

Total  $ 533.36

1st Quarter Total:  $ 952.45



Painting:
January 2026
Queen’s Rangers (foot)  60, Continental Commanders 30, 3rd Continental light Dragoons 60, Pennsylvania Continentals 60, 52nd Foot 60, AWI British Commanders 30, 30th Foot 60, 64th Foot 60, New York Continentals 60.
Total 480 points

February 2026

Hessian Musketeer Von Wuttginau 60, British Artillery #2 70, Patriot Artillery 70, 47th Foot, 1st Pennsylvania 60, Hessian Feldjagers 60, 42nd Highlanders 60, Rhode Island Infantry 60. Total: 440 Points
March 2026
Hessian Musketeer Von Trumbach 60, 2nd New Hampshire 60, Hessian Musketeer Von Dunop 60, 1st Continental light Dragoons 60, 16th Light Dragoons (60), Virginia State Infantry 60, 71st Highlanders 60, 4th Maryland 60, 24th Foot 60, Pennsylvania Rifles 60
Total: 600 Points


1st Quarter Total:   1520 points

Games:

(All at HAVOC)  Concord North Bridge, White Plains, Geronium, Square Eagles

1st Quarter Total:  4

2nd Canadians – “Congress’ Own Regiment”

Gepost op door JurjenB in Internetblog

Congress raised a first Canadian regiment in November, 1775, followed by a second in January 1776. 
These were “additional Continental” regiments, and not assigned to any state. The 2nd bwecame known as “Congress’ Own Regiment”, or by the name of its commander, “Hazen’s Regiment”. 

The uniform specified was brown coats with white facings.

The regiment included a Light company as early as 1776. 

The Light Company (not shown but depicted in Mollo’s Uniforms of the American Revolution” ) wore caps with “COR” for “Congress’ Own Regiment”, and the motto “Pro Artes et Focis”. 

The regiment was said to have maintained excellent discipline throughout the war. It particularly distinguished itself at Brandywine, where it stood against Howe’s attack on the flank of the Continental army.  

The nickname was unofficial, and indeed, Congress and General Washington sought to suppress it, feeling such designations were a feature of Monarchial armies and not suitable for a revolutionary army.